Micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi are everywhere. They commonly do not cause infection, however some do resulting in symptoms such as fever and sickness. Schools and nurseries are common sites for transmission of infections. This is because a child’s immune system is immature, and they often lack good hygiene habits.
Many diseases can spread before the individual shows any symptoms at all. Infection prevention and control measures can interrupt the cycle of infection by promoting a routine of good standards of hygiene so that transmission is reduced. Where a case of infection is known, measures aim to reduce or eliminate the risk of spreading.